Colorectal cancer's burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) plays a significant role in morbidity, mortality, and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative ("B and R") countries. In addition, these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat. However, the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat (DHPM-CRC) in these "B and R" countries remain unknown. AIM: To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the "B and R" countries from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC. Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were determined among the "B and R" countries in 1990 and 2019. Using joinpoint regression analysis, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDALR) from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade (2010-2019). RESULTS: We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among "B and R" countries, with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation, China, and Ukraine in 1990, and China, the Russian Federation, and Poland in 2019. The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019 (all P < 0.05). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 665.74-5696.64] and 83249.31 (95%UI 15628.64-151956.31) in China in 2019. However, the number of deaths (2627.57-2528.51) and DALYs (65867.39-55378.65) for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined. The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam, Southeast Asia, with an AAPC value of 3.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.63%-4.16%], whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, with an AAPC value of -2.05% (95% CI: -2.37% to -1.73%). A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade (2010-2019) for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, as well as Central Europe, while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly (all P < 0.05). The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females (all P < 0.05). For those aged 50-74 years, the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend, except for 20 members, including 7 members in Central Asia, Maldives, and 12 high or high-middle social development index (SDI) members in other regions (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across "B and R" countries and threatens public health. Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in "B and R" countries via extensive collaboration.

[Infrared radiative characteristic of Ho3+ in heavy metal tellurite glasses].

Ho3+ doped and Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped low phonon heavy metal tellurite glasses with large refractive indices were designed and fabricated. Based on optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega2, Omega4 and Omega6 were derived to be 4.373 x 10(-20), 1.906 x 10(-20) and 1.451 x 10(-20) cm2, respectively. Then the radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and fluorescence branching ratios were calculated. The efficient infrared emission in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped bismuth tellurite glass system was recorded under the pumping of a 982 nm diode laser and Yb3+ was considered to be a preferable sensitizer for catching remarkable pumping energy and transferring considerable energy to Ho3+. The maximum absorption and calculated emission cross sections are 5.63 x 10(-21) cm2 at 1.95 mm and 6.24 x 10(-21) cm2 at 2.05 mm, respectively, which are larger than the values in phosphate and fluoride glasses, and are beneficial in lowing laser threshold as well as realizing efficient laser output of Ho3+. Low maximum photon energy and high emission cross sections indicate that Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped low phonon bismuth tellurite glasses will be promising infrared laser materials.

[Spectral power distribution and quantum yield of Sm3+-doped bismuth tellurite glass under the excitation of violet LED].

A new method for measuring the spectral power distribution in Sm3+-doped bismuth tellurite glass with higher refractive index and lower phonon energy by using integrating sphere was introduced and designed for the first time. Fluorescence measurement system was constituted by integrating sphere of 10-inch diameter, which was connected to a DDC detector. A standard halogen lamp was used to calibrate the measurement system and the auxiliary standard halogen lamp was employed for collating inner change in integrating sphere. The total radiant flux, total luminous flux and total quantum yield were calculated by luminous flux distribution and photon distribution, which were derived from spectral power distribution, and the values were 55 microW, 0.02 lm and 4.07%, respectively. In the present paper, the integrating sphere-method was applied to measure the luminescence parameters of the multichannel transition emissions in Sm3+, and it was considered as an accurate way to characterize luminescence parameters for luminescence and laser material.

[Growth inhibitory effects of lipofectamine-mediated DCC gene on ovarian epithelial carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effects of lipofectamine-mediated deleted colorectal carcinoma gene on ovarian epithelial carcinoma (ovarian cancer) cell line SKOV3. METHODS: We constructed a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+)-DCC containing exogenous human DCC cDNA and vector with neomycin resistance gene, which were introduced by lipofectamine-mediated gene transfection into SKOV3 cell line that does not express DCC endogenously, thus forming SKOV3/DCC. Therefore, the experimental cells were classified into SKOV3/DCC, SKOV3/Neo and SKOV3. By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, the expression of DCC mRNA and its protein were examined. RESULTS: Exogenous DCC had successfully been transferred into SKOV3 cells and obtained permanent expression. The growth speed of SKOV3/DCC was slower than the other two groups, there was significant difference between them (P < 0.01). SKOV3/DCC clones number was 38 +/- 8, while SKOV3 and SKOV3/Neo were 192 +/- 8 and 186 +/- 10, respectively, there was significant difference between them (P < 0.01). The percentage of G(1) phase cells increased to 78.0%, which that of S phase decreased to 5.3% by analyzing cell cycle, there was significant difference between them (20.0% and 3.2%, P < 0.01). The ultrastructural changes of the cells were observed under electron microscope, revealing growth retardation. CONCLUSION: DCC gene played an important role in generation and development of ovarian carcinomas.